Fix Lawn Damage

Thoroughly water your lawn adjacent to concrete surfaces to flush remaining salt, de-icer and residue from plants and soil. Try adding a few drops of a mild dishwashing liquid to a hose-end sprayer attachment when spraying your yard using a garden hose. This will wash away salt residue and any other buildup from the grass and help oxygen make its way to the roots.

Pelletized gypsum soil conditioner is a good treatment for salt-damaged grass. Gypsum (calcium sulfate) replaces salt (sodium chloride) with calcium and sulphur, both of which "heal" the grass and foster its growth. It also helps soil retain water and decreases erosion.

Simply spread a thin layer over the affected areas of your yard, using a lawn spreader and then thoroughly water it. You should see results in a couple of weeks. If the grass hasn't returned to its natural green color, you may have to remove these patches and reseed.

Helpful Tip

Treat the grass with gypsum as soon as you notice salt-affected areas. The sooner you repair it, the less damage there will be and the faster the regrowth.

Rodents will leave telltale signs with furrows and holes in your turf. These spots can be fixed by filling in the holes with topsoil and then reseeding where necessary (see Step 3). Insect infestations can be harder to spot, although sometimes signs of animal activity can be a tip-off. In most cases, look for uneven yellow or brown patches in your grass. The sod in these areas will seem slightly detached from the rest of the earth and often is easily pulled up. You may see grubs immediately; however, you can also dig a few inches into the ground with a trowel to look for them.

Use a shovel or garden spade to remove the dead grass, topsoil and a couple extra inches of soil from the affected areas. Place the discarded soil into a trash bag and dispose of it.

Use a hand rake to loosen and turn over the soil. This allows it to receive more oxygen and water. Additionally, you can use an aerator to thoroughly stir around the loose soil to prepare it for fertilizer, seeds and water.

Water the area using a garden hose, giving it a good, long soaking. Spread fertilizer and some topsoil (if needed) to the patch and then water thoroughly again. Spread grass seed over the area using a seed spreader (for larger areas) or by hand (for small patches). Lightly aerate the soil again using the hand rake or an aerator to work in the seeds and fertilizer into the soil. Water the spot every day for a month or so until the grass has re-grown and blended in with the surrounding lawn.

Helpful Tips

You can add hay or straw mulch to facilitate sprouting, particularly on sloping areas. This helps prevent soil erosion and cuts down on the need for frequent watering. But don't use too much mulch—the more straw or hay you use, the more likely you are to get some weeds.

Don't start mowing your lawn until your new grass is about 1½" tall.

Try to take note of where you see your dog urinate, if it's not obvious by the yellow patches in the grass. You want to soak this area excessively with water from a hose. Use a lot of water; the more the better. The longer the urine stays on the grass, the more damage it does. If you use a sprinkler to water your lawn, this is helpful too because it helps wash away dog urine consistently. However, it's often not enough water to keep the damage from happening by itself alone.

Lightly spread horticultural lime over the affected spots. Don't add too much lime; follow the directions on the package closely. Too much can have the opposite effect and do more damage. Thoroughly water the spot again. Keep watering every day. Eventually, the natural green color of the grass will return. If it doesn't return in a few weeks, you may have to dig out the area and reseed.